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The Tiny World of Microscopic Imaging

a flat mite that feeds on coffee plants

The ARS Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit assists a diverse group of scientists needing microscopic imaging for their research projects. The facility is equipped with state-of-the-art microscopes and microscopy technologies capable of producing high-resolution, digital images of many of the most important pests and pathogens affecting agriculture.

Researchers here can flash freeze mites in liquid nitrogen to create striking “snapshots” as they feed, use a laser-scanning confocal microscope to make accurate 3D images, and use a 3D printer to create models from the images.

Their images have won scientific photography awards, graced the covers of prestigious scientific journals, and enhanced our scientific understanding of many microbes, pests, and pathogens that attack crops, infect livestock, and make people sick.

See some stunning images in "Opening a Window to an Unseen World."

 

 

Composting: Nature's Way of Recycling Organic Materials

Compost image
Photo courtesy of Anna Hoychuk Photography

Composting is becoming ever increasingly popular, both on the farms and in the homes. Composting is an excellent way to reduce waste that’s sent to landfills while providing soil in your gardens or fields with precious nutrients (that’s why they call it “black gold”!)

But did you know that composting enhances rainfall penetration, which reduces water runoff and soil erosion?  This in turn reduces sediment, nutrients, and pesticide losses to streams. By improving the soil, compost also enhances beneficial microbes that help reduce plant diseases and pests – meaning less use of pesticides. Did you know that ARS has a 2-acre composting facility just outside our Nation’s Capital? That’s almost an entire football field, and another half of a football field, of organic recycling!

To learn how to get started with composting, other benefits of this natural recycling method, or how ARS researchers are discovering new ways to prepare composts from a variety of mixed sources of organic materials, check out our Compost Page.

 

Cracking the Mystery of How to Store Eggs

A dozen eggs in a carton

Some people like nice a plate of scrambled eggs for breakfast while others enjoy an egg salad sandwich for lunch. Eggs are a popular food that most of us purchase in our weekly groceries.

But have you ever wondered if you're storing your fresh eggs correctly? Harmful bacteria can penetrate the shell of an egg, so it's important to know how to handle them properly. Should you store them in the refrigerator or let them sit out in the kitchen at room temperature? Well, it turns out that the way eggs are stored depends on where they’re produced.  Want to know more? Read "How We Store Our Eggs—and Why"

 

 

Let the Sun Shine In

Powdery mildew fungus is a serious disease that affects strawberry plants and other crops. On strawberry plants, powdery mildew appears as white powdery spots or fuzzy growth on both sides of leaves and on stems. It can kill flowers, harden immature fruit, and reduce fruit quality and marketable yields. In Japan and western Europe, powdery mildew is the primary cause of fruit quality loss. ARS researchers turned to the sun to help fight this disease. Specifically, researchers are using shortwave ultraviolent light (UV-C) to kill powdery mildew fungus. Read more in "Researchers Harness the Sun’s Rays to Fight Strawberry Disease."



Ostrich moth
Photo courtesy of Kenji Nishida

Scientific Name: Struthoscelis

Common Name: Ostrich moth

Friend or Pest (or both):  Potential pest.

Region and Diet?  This moth is native to Central and South America and its caterpillar feeds on orchids in the genus Sobralia.

Impact on agriculture? ARS scientists are constantly discovering and describing new species of insects like the ostrich moth. These efforts help document the diversity of life on our planet and identify potential threats to US agriculture and our natural habitats. Orchids occur naturally in all 50 states and the orchid market is one of the fastest growing segments of the floriculture industry with a value of over $5M per year. Read the abstract to learn more about the diversity and odd morphology of these moths.

Topic

Insects

Science Project Handouts

Female high school students performing experiment in chemistry lab

Teachers and Parents. Need a science project handout for homework or at-home learning? We offer downloadable versions of our popular science projects for your convenience. They are available in a variety of topics and skill levels. Just download and print (pdf format).

Looking for more handouts? Explore our Science In Your Shopping Cart factsheets for information on everyday products that sprang from ARS's research.

Fun and Educational Science Projects

Experimenting with Yeast

We’re going to learn about a very small fungus, called yeast. Let’s find out how this special fungus helps us make bread.

Elephant Toothpaste

What happens if we put hydrogen peroxide and yeast together in a large quantity?

Take the Vitamin & Mineral Challenge

Are you getting enough vitamins and minerals? To find out, take this challenge! | Ages: 14-18 | Time: 30 min/day | Difficulty: Easy

Pet Behavior Matching Game

Play this game and learn more about different animal behaviors. | Ages: 4-15 | Time: 30 minutes | Difficulty: Easy

Paint Your Pet's Behavior

Draw or paint and learn more about different animal behaviors. | Ages: 4-11 | Time: 30 min | Difficulty: Easy

Biodiversity Experiment

Try this experiment around your yard or school to learn about animals/plants in your area | Ages: 4-11 | Time: 30min | Difficulty: Easy

Soil Amendment Experiment

How do organic amendments help plants? | Ages: 5-12 | Time: 1-2 hours at start-up, few minutes a day for 6+ weeks | Difficulty: Moderate

Plant Growth and Osmotic Potential

Test the effect of high salt soil concentrations on plant growth | Ages: 12+ | Time: 3+ weeks | Difficulty: Easy/Moderate

Black Light Experiment

Explore fluorescence (light) in food and plants. | Ages: 5-12 | Time: 15-20 mins | Difficulty: Easy

Soil Erosion Experiment

How does soil erosion occur? | Ages: 5-12 | Time: 15-20 mins | Difficulty: Easy

Vitamin C Challenge

Compare vitamin C levels | Ages: 5-12 | Time: 15-20 mins | Difficulty: Easy

Plant Growth and Root Development

Test the effect a hard soil layer has on plant growth and root development. | Ages: 10+ | Time: 3+ weeks | Difficulty: Easy/moderate

Science in Your Shopping Cart

Each year, ARS scientists develop new varieties of fruits, vegetables, and other products that provide consumers with improved convenience, longer shelf life, better nutrition, new flavors, and sometimes even a whole new idea that no one has brought to consumers before.

Check out our new "Science in Your Shopping Cart" factsheets to learn which ARS research products may be sitting in your shopping cart!

What's In Your Cart?

Spice Up Your Garden!

Researchers have released a line of ornamental peppers that are both edible and beautifully hued.

Time to Hit The Road With Guayule

Researchers developed an improved variety of guayule plant as a natural source of tire rubber.

A New Contender in the Peanut Industry

A new Virginia-type peanut contains high amounts of oleic fatty acids, which can promote cardiovascular health.

Unlocking Nature's Pest Control

These findings could be what's needed to enjoy the outdoors by using natural compounds to control pests without harmful chemicals.

Cereal Made with ARS Wheat

The main ingredient in this breakfast cereal is a new white spring wheat developed by ARS scientists.

Cheers to Those Who Keep Suds on Tap

ARS researchers play a role in enhancing the quality of the hops and barley needed to produce beer.

Cool Tech Tools For Consumers

What nutrients are in your food? Which plants will thrive in your area? Find out the answers and more with these cool tech tools.

Deep-Dive into the Catfish Genome

Over the past decade, ARS scientists have collaborated with U.S. catfish farmers to create new, improved catfish lines.

Flour Power: Alternative Flours

ARS researchers are exploring the health benefits of flour made from wine grape seeds.

New ARS Strawberry is a "Keepsake"

Did you know that ARS once saved the strawberry industry?

New Cotton Gauze Stops Bleeding Fast

ARS researchers in New Orleans are behind a new blood-clotting gauze that can help save lives!

The First True Red Spinach

This new variety of spinach has about a 50 percent higher level of phytonutrients!

These Peaches Are A “Joy” To Eat

Things are just peachy at the ARS Fruit and Tree Nut Research Unit after releasing three new peaches.

Sucromalt To Live the Sweet Life!

ARS may have a pretty sweet deal for diabetics and others looking to curb their sugar intake.

Wrap It Up with Edible Films

ARS partnered with NewGem Foods to reinvent wraps by making edible films out of unmarketable fruits and vegetables.

External Video

Adrian Marshall

Subtitle
Research Associate, ARS Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Wapato, WA

Lauren Maestas

Subtitle
Research ecologist, ARS Cattle Fever Tick Research Unit, Edinburg, TX

Maricé Lopez

Subtitle
Post-doctoral entomologist, ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico

Gabriel Patterson

Subtitle
Chemist, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA

Lauren Hale

Subtitle
Soil scientist at the Water Management Research in Parlier, CA

Matthew Hillyer

Subtitle
Research Chemist at the Cotton Chemistry and Utilization Research in New Orleans, LA

Learn more about Matthew Hillyer's research. 

Mackenzie Tietjen

Subtitle
Entomologist at the ARS Livestock Arthropod Pest Research Unit in Kerrville, TX

Perot Saelao

Subtitle
Molecular Biologist at ARS’s Livestock Arthropod Pest Research Unit in Kerrville, TX

Lidong Li

Subtitle
Research Associate at the Agroecosystem Management Research Unit in Lincoln, NE

Colton Flynn

Subtitle
Soil Scientist at the Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory in Temple, TX

Pratik Parajuli

Subtitle
Agricultural Engineer at the Quality and Safety Assessment Research Unit in Athens, GA

Emily Watkins de Jong

Subtitle
Biological Technician at the Carl Hayden Bee Research Center in Tucson, Arizona

Samuel Ramsey

Subtitle
Entomologist and Former Research Fellow at ARS’s Bee Research Laboratory in Beltsville, MD

Jacqueline Serrano

Subtitle
Entomologist at ARS’s Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit in Wapato, WA

Alison Gerken

Subtitle
Quantitative Ecologist at the Center for Grain and Animal Health Research in Manhattan, KS

Ask a Scientist

Check out our monthly Facebook Live Q&A sessions with ARS scientists. Learn what we’re doing to help the environment, create more sustainable food supply, fight pests and diseases, and create new cultivars.

Q&A

Q&A Topic: Bees

Beekeeping tips from our bee expert.

Q&A Topic: Soil

Tips for healthy soil in your backyard garden.

Q&A Topic: Insects

Our bug expert talks about insects in your home.

Q&A Topic: Food Waste

Our expert discusses the important topic of food waste and food loss.

Q&A Topic: USDA Climate Hubs

These "Hubs", at 10 locations, link researchers in their delivery of tools and information to agricultural producers and professionals.

We're Looking for Innovators. Join Us!

Want to expand your science? Join us as an intern in one of our offices or professional labs and take your knowledge and experience to the next level.

USDA’s Agricultural Research Service offers internship programs to current students and recent graduates, and even Presidential Management Fellowships, to explore federal careers as paid employees. Check out the following opportunities to see best fits your career goals.

The Student Internship Program provides students in high schools, colleges, trade schools, and other qualifying educational institutions, the opportunity to explore Federal careers as paid employees while completing their education. Student Interns may be appointed for an initial period expected to last more than 1 year, on a temporary basis, or to fill traditional summer jobs. Duties are related to the intern’s academic or career goals and our positions are payable up to the GS-11 grade level.

To be eligible for the Student Internship Program, you must be accepted for enrollment or enrolled and seeking a degree (diploma, certificate, etc.) in a qualifying educational institution, on a full or half-time basis, as defined by the institution; be in good academic standing (2.0 GPA); and meet the definition of a student throughout the duration of their internship. Visit USAJobs for more information.

The Recent Graduates Program is a 1-year program that provides recent graduates an entry-level developmental experience that will lead to a civil service career. Positions are payable at the GS-09 level or below unless the position is in a science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM) field. STEM positions may be payable at the GS-11 and GS-12 grade levels, depending on your educational degree.

To be eligible, you must have obtained a qualifying associate, bachelors, master’s, professional, doctorate, vocational, or technical degree or certificate from a qualifying educational institution, within the previous 2 years. Veterans who were unable to apply during the initial eligibility period due to military service obligation have a full 2-year period of eligibility upon his/her release or discharge from active duty. In no event, may a veteran’s eligibility period extend beyond 6 years from the date on which the individual completed the requirements of an academic course of study. Visit USAJobs for more information.

The Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities (HACU) Internship Program offers a paid internship program for sophomores, juniors, seniors, and graduate students at accredited HACU colleges and universities. HACU Students are brought on board three times per year (spring, summer, and fall) and may continue year-round provided they remain eligible and program funding is available. As compensation, HACU undergraduate interns receive $610 per 40-hour week ($15.25 per hour), while graduate interns receive $680 per 40-hour week ($17.00 per hour).

To be eligible, you must have completed your freshman year before the internship begins, maintain a 3.0 GPA, be enrolled in a degree-seeking program, and be a U.S. citizen. Recent graduates are eligible if they are within 12 months of graduation. In addition, interns must attend an orientation in Washington, DC. Visit HACU for more information.

The Presidential Management Fellows (PMF) Program is designed to attract to the federal service outstanding men and women from a variety of academic disciplines and career paths who have a clear interest in, and commitment to, excellence in the leadership and management of public policies and programs.

The PMF program follows an annual cycle, starting with program announcement by the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM), nomination, application and assessment, followed by appointment, through training and development, then graduation, and conversion or appointment to permanent positions.

To be eligible, you must have completed an advanced degree from a qualifying educational institution within 2 years or are scheduled to complete an advanced degree prior to the date that PMF finalists are announced. This is a competitive process in which OPM selects finalists based on an evaluation of each candidate’s experience and accomplishments. Visit OPM for more information.

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